Pharmaceutical products are defined as any substance or mixture of substances for human use for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease, abnormal physical statements, or altering or modifying any organic function. Wh…
Early indications for microbial spoilage are gas production, pH changes, and organoleptic changes like smell, sour, fishy amines, bad eggs, earthy taste, bitter, etc. Microbial polymerization of sugars and surfactant molecules ca…
Most of the raw materials for pharmaceutical products support microbial growth based on the nutritive properties and moisture contents. Microbiological contaminants are infectious materials, such as bacteria, mold, fungi, and vir…
Pharmaceutical products contain a wide range of excipients in addition to active pharmaceutical ingredients to make the formula easy to manufacture, stable, effective, and convenient for the patient. These products in the pharmac…
Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. They constitute all proteinaceous material of the cell including the cytoskeleton and the protein component of enzymes, receptors, and signaling molecules, and also used for …
Microbiological assay of vitamins is a biological assay method performed with the help of microorganisms. Vitamins and amino acids are the essential components for the growth of microorganisms. The basis of this assay is to measu…
An antibiotic is a medical preparation, containing a sufficient amount of chemical entity that is caused to produce naturally (by a microorganism) or artificially (semi-synthetic way) and that possesses the inherent ability to ei…
Atmospheric gases namely oxygen and carbon dioxide are the main sources for microbial growth. Oxygen has a more significant effect on microbial growth. Dust particles in the outside air are the main carriers for soil organisms li…