Polymers are compounds with high molecular masses formed by monomers. In Greek, the word poly means 'many', and meros means 'units or parts'. Polymers play a major role in the development of drug delivery technolo…
1. Polymers used in colloidal drug carrier systems, consisting of small particles, show great advantage in drug delivery systems because of optimised drug loading and release properties. 2. A polymer (natural or synthetic) is a…
1. Drug Properties Drug solubility and dose are the most important factors to be considered in the design of ER matrices. In general, the extended-release formulation of an extreme drug solubilities coupled with a high dose is …
Physiological Properties (1) Aqueous solubility: Most of the active pharmaceutical moieties (API) are weakly acidic or basic in nature, which affects the water solubility of the API. Weak water-soluble drugs are difficult to d…
The primary objectives of controlled drug delivery are to ensure safety and to improve the efficacy of drugs as well as patient compliance. For conventional dosage forms, only the dose and dosing interval can vary, and for each d…
Cell culture is used in cellular and molecular biology, providing excellent model systems for studying the normal physiology and biochemistry of cells (for example, metabolic studies, aging), the effects of drugs and toxic compou…
Fig. 1: Steps of animal cell culture (a) Requirements: Vertical Laminar air flow, Incubator, Refrigerator, Microscope, Tissue culture ware. (b) Temperature: The temperature is set at the same as the body temperature of th…
The removal of cells from animals and their subsequent growth in a favorable artificial environment is called animal cell culture. Animal cells are more difficult to culture than microorganisms because animal cells require many m…
Stability is defined as the extent to which a pharmaceutical product retains, within specified limits and throughout its storage period and use, i.e. its shelf life, the same properties and characteristics that are possessed at t…
Pharmaceutical products are defined as any substance or mixture of substances for human use for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease, abnormal physical statements, or altering or modifying any organic function. Wh…